LWC Data Table is the powerful standard slds table provided by salesforce. By using 'lightning-datatable' tag we can display set of records in tabular format. If we use Data table in lightning web component we don't need code for table design and function for selecting records explicitly. Lightning web components are custom HTML elements built using HTML and modern JavaScript. Lightning web components and Aura components can coexist and interoperate on a page. To admins and end users, they both appear as Lightning components. Lightning-card LWC (Lightning Web Component) A lightning-card is used to apply a stylized container around a grouping of information. The information could be a single item or a group of items such as a related list. Use the variant or class attributes to customize the styling. A lightning-card contains a title, body, and footer.

How to avoid that slot elements in Web Components appear before the rest is rendered? My problem is that slotted elements appear in raw form before the rest of the Web Component is rendered. Imagine you have a Web Component in which you style a couple of different HTML elements. Pass Markup into Slots Add a slot to a component's HTML file so a parent component can pass markup into the component. A component can have zero or more slots. A slot is a placeholder for markup that a parent component passes into a component's body.

Lightning web components have a lifecycle managed by the framework. The framework creates components, adds and removes them from the DOM, and renders DOM updates whenever the state of a component changes.

A lifecycle hook is a JavaScript callback method triggered at a specific phase of a component instance's lifecycle.

# Lifecycle Flow

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This diagram shows the flow of the component lifecycle from creation through render.

This is the lifecycle of a component instance and its children from creation through render.

1. constructor() is called.
2. Public properties are updated.
3. Component is inserted into the DOM.
4. connectedCallback() is called.
5. Component is rendered.
6. constructor() is called on child components.
7. Public properties are updated on child components.
8. Child components are inserted into the DOM.
9. connectedCallback() is called on child components.
10. Child components are rendered.
11. renderedCallback() is called on child components.
12. renderedCallback() is called on component.

This is the lifecycle of a component instance when it's removed from the DOM.

1. Component is removed from the DOM.
2. disconnectedCallback() is called on the component.
3. Children are removed from the DOM.
4. disconnectedCallback() is called on each child.

#constructor()

The constructor() method is invoked when a component instance is created.

The constructor flows from parent to child.

To access the host element, use this.template. You can't access child elements in the component body because they don't exist yet. Properties are not passed yet, either. Properties are assigned to the component after construction and before the connectedCallback() hook.

These requirements from the HTML: Custom elements spec apply to the constructor().

• The first statement must be super() with no parameters. This call establishes the correct prototype chain and value for this. Always call super() before touching this.
• Don't use a return statement inside the constructor body, unless it is a simple early-return (return or return this).
• Don't use the document.write() or document.open() methods.
• Don't inspect the element's attributes and children, because they don't exist yet.
• Don't inspect the element's public properties, because they're set after the component is created.

Important

Don't add attributes to the host element in the constructor. You can add attributes to the host element during any stage of the component lifecycle other than construction.

#connectedCallback()

Sugarhouse poker room phone number customer service. The connectedCallback() lifecycle hook is invoked when a component is inserted into the DOM.

This hook flows from parent to child.

To access the host element, use this. You can't access child elements in the component body because they don't exist yet.

The connectedCallback() hook can fire more than once. For example, if you remove an element and then insert it into another position, such as when you reorder a list, the hook is invoked several times. If you want code to run one time, write code to prevent it from running twice.

You can use connectedCallback() to add an attribute to the host element.

You can also use connectedCallback() and disconnectedCallback() to register and unregister event listeners. The browser garbage collects DOM events, so you can choose not to unregister them. However, relying on garbage collection can lead to memory leaks. See Memory Management on MDN.

Note

To check whether a component is connected to the DOM, you can use this.isConnected.

#disconnectedCallback()

The disconnectedCallback() lifecycle hook is invoked when a component is removed from the DOM.

This hook flows from parent to child.

#render()

For complex tasks like conditionally rendering a template, use render() to override the standard rendering functionality. This function may be invoked before or after connectedCallback().

This method must return a valid HTML template. Import a reference to a template and return the reference in the render() method.

See the code sample in Render Multiple Templates.

Note

The render() method is not technically a lifecycle hook. It is a protected method on the LightningElement class. A hook usually tells you that something happened, and it may or may not exist on the prototype chain. The render() method must exist on the prototype chain.

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#renderedCallback()

Note

This lifecycle hook is specific to Lightning Web Components, it isn't from the HTML custom elements specification.

Called after every render of the component. This hook flows from child to parent.

When a component re-renders, all the expressions used in the template are reevaluated.

Due to mutations, a component is usually rendered many times during the lifespan of an application. To use this hook to perform a one-time operation, use a boolean field like hasRendered to track whether renderedCallback() has been executed. The first time renderedCallback() executes, perform the one-time operation and set hasRendered = true. If hasRendered = true, don't perform the operation.

It's best to attach event listeners declaratively in the HTML template. However, if you want to attach an event listener to a template element programatically in JavaScript, use renderedCallback(). If a listener is added to the same element repeatedly, the browser removes the duplicates if the event type, event listener, and options are the same.

When a template is rerendered, the LWC engine attempts to reuse the existing elements. In the following cases, the engine uses a diffing algorithm to decide whether to discard an element.

• Elements created using the for:each directive. The decision to reuse these iteration elements depends on the key attribute. If key changes, the element may be rerendered. If key doesn't change, the element isn't rerendered, because the engine assumes that it didn't change.
• Elements received as slot content. The engine attempts to reuse an element in a , but the diffing algorithm determines whether to evict an element and recreate it.

Example

The LibsChartjs recipe in the Lightning Web Components recipes app uses the renderedCallback() lifecycle hook.

#errorCallback(error, stack)

Note

This lifecycle hook is specific to Lightning Web Components, it isn't from the HTML custom elements specification.

Called when a descendant component throws an error in one of its lifecycle hooks. The error argument is a JavaScript native error object, and the stack argument is a string.

Implement this hook to create an error boundary component that captures errors in all the descendant components in its tree. The error boundary component can log stack information and render an alternative view to tell users what happened and what to do next. The method works like a JavaScript catch{} block for components that throw errors in their lifecycle hooks. It's important to note that an error boundary component catches errors only from its children, and not from itself.

You can create an error boundary component and reuse it throughout an app. It's up to you where to define those error boundaries. You can wrap the entire app, or every individual component. Most likely, your architecture falls somewhere in between. A good rule of thumb is to think about where you'd like to tell users that something went wrong.

This example implements the errorCallback() method.

You don't have to use if:[true|false] in a template. For example, let's say you define a single component template. If this component throws an error, the framework calls errorCallback and unmounts the component during re-render.

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Note

The errorCallback() hook doesn't catch errors like click callbacks and async operations that fall outside of the component lifecycle (constructor(), connectedCallback(), render(), renderedCallback()). It's also important to note that errorCallback() isn't a JavaScript try/catch, it's a component lifecycle guard.

To bundle styles with a component, create a style sheet in the component's folder. The style sheet must have the same name as the component. The style sheet is applied to the component automatically.

Each component can have only one style sheet. Components can't share style sheets. Style sheets use standard CSS syntax and you can use most selectors.

Styles defined in a component's style sheet are scoped to the component. This rule allows a component to be reused in different contexts without losing its style. It also prevents a component's styles from overriding styles in other parts of a page.

# CSS Scoping Examples

Important

You can use connectedCallback() to add an attribute to the host element.

You can also use connectedCallback() and disconnectedCallback() to register and unregister event listeners. The browser garbage collects DOM events, so you can choose not to unregister them. However, relying on garbage collection can lead to memory leaks. See Memory Management on MDN.

Note

To check whether a component is connected to the DOM, you can use this.isConnected.

#disconnectedCallback()

The disconnectedCallback() lifecycle hook is invoked when a component is removed from the DOM.

This hook flows from parent to child.

#render()

For complex tasks like conditionally rendering a template, use render() to override the standard rendering functionality. This function may be invoked before or after connectedCallback().

This method must return a valid HTML template. Import a reference to a template and return the reference in the render() method.

See the code sample in Render Multiple Templates.

Note

The render() method is not technically a lifecycle hook. It is a protected method on the LightningElement class. A hook usually tells you that something happened, and it may or may not exist on the prototype chain. The render() method must exist on the prototype chain.

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#renderedCallback()

Note

This lifecycle hook is specific to Lightning Web Components, it isn't from the HTML custom elements specification.

Called after every render of the component. This hook flows from child to parent.

When a component re-renders, all the expressions used in the template are reevaluated.

Due to mutations, a component is usually rendered many times during the lifespan of an application. To use this hook to perform a one-time operation, use a boolean field like hasRendered to track whether renderedCallback() has been executed. The first time renderedCallback() executes, perform the one-time operation and set hasRendered = true. If hasRendered = true, don't perform the operation.

It's best to attach event listeners declaratively in the HTML template. However, if you want to attach an event listener to a template element programatically in JavaScript, use renderedCallback(). If a listener is added to the same element repeatedly, the browser removes the duplicates if the event type, event listener, and options are the same.

When a template is rerendered, the LWC engine attempts to reuse the existing elements. In the following cases, the engine uses a diffing algorithm to decide whether to discard an element.

• Elements created using the for:each directive. The decision to reuse these iteration elements depends on the key attribute. If key changes, the element may be rerendered. If key doesn't change, the element isn't rerendered, because the engine assumes that it didn't change.
• Elements received as slot content. The engine attempts to reuse an element in a , but the diffing algorithm determines whether to evict an element and recreate it.

Example

The LibsChartjs recipe in the Lightning Web Components recipes app uses the renderedCallback() lifecycle hook.

#errorCallback(error, stack)

Note

This lifecycle hook is specific to Lightning Web Components, it isn't from the HTML custom elements specification.

Called when a descendant component throws an error in one of its lifecycle hooks. The error argument is a JavaScript native error object, and the stack argument is a string.

Implement this hook to create an error boundary component that captures errors in all the descendant components in its tree. The error boundary component can log stack information and render an alternative view to tell users what happened and what to do next. The method works like a JavaScript catch{} block for components that throw errors in their lifecycle hooks. It's important to note that an error boundary component catches errors only from its children, and not from itself.

You can create an error boundary component and reuse it throughout an app. It's up to you where to define those error boundaries. You can wrap the entire app, or every individual component. Most likely, your architecture falls somewhere in between. A good rule of thumb is to think about where you'd like to tell users that something went wrong.

This example implements the errorCallback() method.

You don't have to use if:[true|false] in a template. For example, let's say you define a single component template. If this component throws an error, the framework calls errorCallback and unmounts the component during re-render.

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Note

The errorCallback() hook doesn't catch errors like click callbacks and async operations that fall outside of the component lifecycle (constructor(), connectedCallback(), render(), renderedCallback()). It's also important to note that errorCallback() isn't a JavaScript try/catch, it's a component lifecycle guard.

To bundle styles with a component, create a style sheet in the component's folder. The style sheet must have the same name as the component. The style sheet is applied to the component automatically.

Each component can have only one style sheet. Components can't share style sheets. Style sheets use standard CSS syntax and you can use most selectors.

Styles defined in a component's style sheet are scoped to the component. This rule allows a component to be reused in different contexts without losing its style. It also prevents a component's styles from overriding styles in other parts of a page.

# CSS Scoping Examples

Important

Before we go further, we need to understand naming. A component's folder and file names are camel case, myComponent, myComponent.html, and myComponent.css. In HTML markup, camelCase maps to kebab-case. When a component renders, the tag is replaced with <namespace-component-name>. Note that the tag includes the component's namespace. For example, a component with the template myComponent.html in the example namespace renders as . For more information about naming, see Component Bundles.

This example demonstrates how the CSS styles defined in a parent component don't reach into a child.

There are two components cssParent and cssChild. Each component contains text in a

tag. The cssParent.css style sheet defines the p style as xx-large. The style applies only to the

tag in the parent, not to the

tag in the nested child.

A parent component can style a child component, but it styles it as a single element. A parent can't reach into the DOM of a child. In the playground, add an example-css-child selector to cssParent.css that defines the background of the child component.

Tip

To access cssParent.css in the playground, scroll to the right in the left pane header and click the filename.

In a new playground, let's style the example-css-child component from its own style sheet, cssChild.css.

A component's style sheet can reach up and style its own element. Instead of using a example-css-child selector, use the :host selector.

Uncomment this code in cssChild.css. By targeting the host element with :host, we apply styling to , from cssChild.css.

Note

The cssParent.css file in this playground doesn't include the example-css-child selector. It's not a good practice to style components from both the component and its parent, because it can be confusing and yield unexpected results.

The :host selector accepts an optional list of selectors. To match, the host element must have a class that matches the passed selector. To see how the :host selector works, in a new playground, let's rewrite our sample code to look slightly more like a real app.

Style the p in the child component x-large, which is just a notch smaller than the p in the parent component. Make each item whitesmoke except the active item, which is thistle.

Right now, the child component contains just a static title, To Do Item. Add a to cssChild.html so the parent component can pass to do item text.

In the parent, add three example-css-child components and make one active. In a real app, the active component would be the selected item. Because example-css-child contains a , we can pass text for each to do item.

For more information about , see Pass Markup into Slots.

# Share CSS Style Rules

To share CSS style rules, create a module that contains only a CSS file. Import the module into the CSS file of any Lightning web component you want to style.You can import style rules from multiple CSS modules. The imported style rules are applied to the template just like non-imported style rules. Lightning Web Components supports the CSS cascade algorithm.

Create a Lightning web component that contains only a single CSS file. This component is your CSS module.

Important

Just like with any Lightning web component, the folder name and the filename must be identical.

Import the module into the CSS file of a Lightning web component.

Imported style rules are applied to the template just like non-imported style rules. All style rules cascade. In the cssSharing.html template, the text in the

tag uses the style defined in cssLibrary.css.

For more information about @import, see MDN web docs: @import. MDN lists two syntaxes: @import url and @import url list-of-media-queries. LWC doesn't honor the list-of-media-queries.

# CSS Support and Performance Impact

The CSS scoping matches the CSS Scoping Module Level 1 standard, with a few exceptions.

• No support for the :host-context() pseudo-class function.
• No support for the ::slotted pseudo-element.
• No support for ID selectors in CSS or JavaScript.

Important

LWC uses id values for accessibility only. When the template is rendered, id values are transformed into globally unique values. Don't use ID selectors in JavaScript or in CSS. If you do, the selector won't match the transformed ID and you get an error.

Scoped CSS affects performance, so use it with care. Each selector chain is scoped, and each compound expression passed to :host() is spread into multiple selectors. This transformation increases the size and complexity of the generated CSS. These increases mean more bits on the wire, longer parsing time, and longer style recalculation time.

To ensure CSS encapsulation, each element has an extra attribute, which also increases rendering time. For example, the element has a example-parent_parent-host attribute.

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